Atheist Bones on Hell's Floor

This psalm is a repeat. I believe that it is the only repeat psalm in the psalter. Portions of a couple of other psalms are recycled later on, incorporated into lengthier psalms that give them a new context. But this is the only one that we get to hear, nearly verbatim, two different times. That's because its message is important. We need to hear about human depravity because it's a doctrine we would rather forget. We need to learn to think about atheism like God does — as a failure of wisdom and prayer, not a lack of information. We need to learn that even exposure to atheists can become fuel for worship when we see how God judges their folly and how He delivers His people.
We also need to see this psalm in a specific historical context — the context of David on the run, which appears in the titles of both Pss 52 and 54. Doeg the Edomite (from the previous psalm) and Nabal the Fool stand as representatives of the atheistic fool. Both do abominable deeds, and Nabal's bones are scattered by the direct intervention of the Almighty: "After about ten days, the LORD struck Nabal, and he died" (1 Sam 26:38). Ps 53 generalizes this fate into a broader meditation on the end of the fool contrasted with the salvation of the God-fearer, of whom David the Lord's Anointed is the perfect representative. We see in Ps 53 that God will handle atheistic fools like He handled Doeg and Nabal — and therefore we must walk toward Him in wisdom, in faith, and in worship.