Romans 33 Foreknowledge, Predestination, Calling

We have some famous verses to look at. Many Christians memorize Romans 8:28, "And we know that God causes all things to work together for good…" and yet, guess what? It doesn't say that in the original text. Neither "God" or the verb "causes" are in the best manuscripts. It is a likely addition by an Alexandrian text editor. I will explain this. 

Then we have the famous 8:29, "for those whom He foreknew, He predestined to be conformed to the image of God…" It's an explanation of the reasoning behind the prior verse 28. So, we have a number of controversial words and ideas to discuss; foreknowledge, predestination, calling are a few. 

I have racked my brain over these passages and concepts over the years. I once spent about three years working on these words and concepts such as election, free will, sovereignty, etc…and covered a lot of territory involving various theologies such as Augustinianism, Pelagianism, Semi-Pelagianism, Arminianism, and Calvinism, and ideas like LIbertarian Free Will, Compatabilism, Hard Determinism, Soft Determinism, Fatalism, etc…

It's very complicated and millennia's of discussion. I'm doing my best, but my explanations will not be "standard fare" commentary. I really don't like teaching these things because they are conceptually different from what is "standard" and that makes them very difficult to communicate. At any rate, I don't think there is anything in the "standard" Calvinist or Arminian explanations that is accurate, and I have to teach what I understand and am convinced that the word of God is teaching, so I will do that.